This report builds on the 2012 report by taking stock of the developments that have occurred since then, critically assessing the evolving pressures on the Basin resources and effects on sustainable utilisation of the Basin’s water and related resources, and tracking progress towards overcoming the main Basin development challenges. It presents facts, trends, patterns, synthesis, and indicators for the Basin's health and multiple biophysical conditions. It also establishes the foundation and structure for reporting Basin health and monitoring the impact of measures taken at national and regional levels.